Which method establishes how insurance companies will pay when other insurance also applies?

The method that establishes how insurance companies will pay when other insurance also applies is known as pro-rata liability. This approach is applied when multiple insurance policies cover the same risk or loss. In such cases, each insurer pays a share of the total claim proportional to the limits of their respective policies. This ensures that no single insurer pays more than its share of the loss and that the insured does not receive a windfall from duplicative coverage.

Pro-rata liability is especially important in scenarios where an insured has multiple policies covering the same asset, as it creates an equitable way to divide the financial responsibility for the claim among insurers. This method helps to prevent disputes between insurers regarding payment responsibility and ensures a fair settlement for the insured based on the coverage amount they have secured.

In contrast, primary coverage refers to the first insurance policy that pays out in case of a claim, while the total loss method focuses on the circumstances under which claims are wholly covered. The equal contribution method involves insurers sharing a claim equally, regardless of the limits of their respective policies, which is typically not a standard approach in insurance practices when dealing with multiple coverages.